“симптомы депрессии после выхода на пенсию” would best be translated as “symptoms of depression after leaving for retirement”; the sentence makes perfect sense. “after leaving the” would be “после выхода с” if the same verb is used.
The English as currently shown is very clearly wrong; I just double-checked the lesson, and it is still wrong. It appears to me that it was not fixed at all.
What it currently says in English is “after leaving the retirement”; this is the opposite of what is meant, and it also makes no sense in the context of the text.