stake:-
2. a monetary or commercial interest, investment, share, or involvement in something, as in hope of gain: I have a big stake in the success of the firm.
stakeholder:-
a person or group owning a significant percentage of a company’s shares
a person or group not owning shares in an enterprise but affected by or having an interest in its operations, such as the employees, customers, local community, etc.
I think a shareholder is a stakeholder (automatically), hence the first definition.
Those who are not shareholders would need to fall under the second definition. So, hypothetically, if you had a meeting of all the stakeholders of a given company, you would have shareholders, employees, customers etc.
But I’m sure the term is used differently in different countries and even in different companies.
In my previous job, people would even refer to the stakeholders of our department of the company. So we had internal stakeholders and external stakeholders.