Language Learning is Like an Iceberg - Steve Kaufmann

I like analogies, they help us understand. An analogy I thought of recently was how our knowledge of a language is like an iceberg: what we can produce or think we know at any given moment is just the tip of the iceberg and there is deep familiarity with the language underneath.
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I liked the comparison to a tree. You have to grow a lot of roots to capture water and nutrients - similar to language learning, you have to have a lot of roots to capture comprehension. Eventually, the tree/plant will grow enough to bear fruit.